Which theory suggests that the average worker is unmotivated and dislikes work?

The theory that suggests the average worker is unmotivated and dislikes work is known as Theory X. Developed by Douglas McGregor in the 1960s, Theory X posits that management assumes employees inherently dislike work, are inherently lazy, and will avoid responsibility when possible. As a result, managers must resort to coercive measures, close supervision, and strict controls to ensure that tasks are performed. This perspective emphasizes a rather negative view of human nature in the workplace, indicating that motivation needs to be driven primarily through external factors such as rewards and punishment.

In contrast, alternative theories like Theory Y suggest a more optimistic view, where workers are seen as self-motivated and enjoying their work, while Theory Z emphasizes a culture of trust and informal relationships in the workplace to boost productivity and satisfaction. Theory W, although less commonly referenced, includes concepts that blend the interests of both workers and management, promoting a more collaborative environment. Understanding these theories is key for nurse executives as they navigate leadership and management styles within healthcare settings.