What type of information does the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) protect against discrimination?

The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) specifically protects individuals from discrimination based on their genetic information. This includes any data concerning an individual's genetic tests, as well as information about the genetic tests of their family members and any information regarding the manifestation of a disease or disorder in those family members. By focusing on genetic information, GINA ensures that employers and health insurers cannot make decisions regarding hiring, promotion, or coverage based on an individual's genetic predispositions.

Understanding this focus is crucial for recognizing the specific protections GINA provides in the context of employment and health insurance, distinguishing it from other types of personal data like health records, employment history, or social security information, which are governed by different laws or statutes.