What is the basis of Category 4 evidence?

Category 4 evidence is primarily based on opinions from industry experts or authorities. This category serves as a foundation for best practices and clinical decision-making when there are limited data or formal research findings available. Expert opinions can provide valuable insights, especially in emerging fields or with new interventions where extensive data are not yet present.

While systematic reviews, clinical trial data, and findings from epidemiological studies represent higher levels of evidence (such as Categories 1 through 3), Category 4 acknowledges the importance of expert interpretation of available evidence in guiding practices. This can be particularly relevant in nursing leadership and executive roles, where practical wisdom and the application of expert knowledge are often vital for decision-making and innovation in patient care strategies.